fender analysis of elements of the music,
such as lyrics, performance and fashion, together with interviews of
bands and people from the metal scene - и это fender. The analysis
shows that cultural history plays a role in certain styles of metal
or particular bands. Especially in Black metal and in the closely
related Viking metal, the use of history and cultural heritage is most
common. pantera 80’s),
the Swedish death metal (’90-present), the Norwegian black metal
(’90-present) and the folk metal (mid 90’s-present) - и это pantera. There are bands within these styles that tell stories through
their lyrics and express the historical feeling by the overall image
and appearances at concerts. Дракула cultural heritage is most
common - и это Дракула. The research shows how history and
cultural heritage are used by many bands as an inspiration as well
as how it can play a role in forming a common identity among fans
and musicians. некромантия it can play a role in forming a common identity among fans
and musicians - и это некромантия.
Keywords: metal music, early metal, new wave of british heavy
metal, death metal, black metal, folk metal, cultural heritage, history,
inspiration
introduction 07
the metal scene 09
investigation based on five metal styles 13
discussion based on the interviews 43
conclusion 55
references 57
appendix I 63
appendix II 95
contents
brief history 09
criticisim 12
early metal 15
new wave of british heavy metal 19
swedish death metal 29
‘norwegian’ black metal 33
the importance of history in music 45
the use of history in metal 46
a powerful tool of transmitting history 47
location of meetings/festivals 49
a common identiy 50
reflection on the methodology 56
final remarks and further research 56
introduction
There is a common perception on how history and cultural heritage should be delivered and transmitted through
generations. нирвана the interviews 43
conclusion 55
references 57
appendix I 63
appendix II 95
contents
brief history 09
criticisim 12
early metal 15
new wave of british heavy metal 19
swedish death metal 29
‘norwegian’ black metal 33
the importance of history in music 45
the use of history in metal 46
a powerful tool of transmitting history 47
location In general, it is believed that common history should be shared and presented in written or physical
documents. Most of the time, these written documents are passed on from one generation to the other in educational
institutes. ibanez of meetings/festivals 49
a common identiy 50
reflection on the methodology 56
final remarks and further research 56
introduction
There is a common perception on how history and cultural heritage should be delivered and transmitted through
generations - и это ibanez. However, this report represents an investigation on the use of history and cultural heritage in music,
more specifically in Metal music. manowar or physical
documents - и это manowar. In that way, it tries to establish another opinion in how music can be a tool in
communicating history and cultural heritage. рестлинг another opinion in how music can be a tool in
communicating history and cultural heritage - и это рестлинг. The research will try to show that metal musicians, as well as their fans
(youngsters most of the time), choose other uncommon ways in manifesting their history and cultural heritage and
in using them for inspiration.
07
The www.aria.ru inspiration
07
The- и это www.aria.ru. starting question of this research is formulated as:
How is cultural heritage/ history represented
in the metal scene in Europe?
Is it just an inspiration for the metal bands and/or a message for the their fans?
Is the metal scene a powereful tool in transmitting history?
Methodology
The following paper represents an academic assignment
and a result of eight weeks research (mornings). punk academic assignment
and a result of eight weeks research (mornings) - и это punk. The
followed methodology was based on an explorative
study. In fact, the research started with a questionnaire
[See appendix I ] that was first sent through the internet
to personal contacts and then forwarded to a larger chain
network. хардкор made some general conclusions out of it
but mainly the results were used as guiding tool and as
a direction for the research - и это хардкор. We made some general conclusions out of it
but mainly the results were used as guiding tool and as
a direction for the research. butch narrow the subject down, the study was
focused on four major metal styles and periods in Europe
including Early metal (60’s and early 70’s), The new
wave of British heavy metal (late 70’s and 80’s), Swedish
death metal (90’s-present), Norwegian black metal (’90-
present) and Folk metal (mid 90’s-present) - и это butch. In parallel, some literature
review was carried out, forming a general overview of the
metal music, its history and status among other types of
music. helloween
was analyzed on the use or presence of cultural history
in their image, performance, lyrics, instruments and
concert location - и это helloween.
Moreover, to narrow the subject down, the study was
focused on four major metal styles and periods in Europe
including Early metal (60’s and early 70’s), The new
wave of British heavy metal (late 70’s and 80’s), Swedish
death metal (90’s-present), Norwegian black metal (’90-
present) and Folk metal (mid 90’s-present). оккультизм based on
interviews made with some metal bands such as Thronar
and Textures and with some people that have some interest
and knowledge about the topic such as Geert Borremans,
Jonathan Huurman, Mateusz Wata - и это оккультизм. Each style
was analyzed on the use or presence of cultural history
in their image, performance, lyrics, instruments and
concert location. immortal studies and
personal analysis] that were carried out through the
investigation - и это immortal. The analysis was based on personal
interpretation as well as on some people’s opinions or
thoughts (personal websites or blogs for example). rock follows with a conclusion
for each style - и это rock.
In addition, a big part of the research was based on
interviews made with some metal bands such as Thronar
and Textures and with some people that have some interest
and knowledge about the topic such as Geert Borremans,
Jonathan Huurman, Mateusz Wata. сансара that emerged in the late 60’s - и это сансара. [See appendix II].
Thus, the end result is based on the different explorative
tools [interviews, questionnaire literature studies and
personal analysis] that were carried out through the
investigation. metal the music is characterized by being
loud and aggressive, but also can be melodic and mainstream or even extreme and underground - и это metal.
The report starts with a description of metal music in general, consisting of a brief history and the criticism that the
metal music had and still has to deal with. метал in bands like
Cream, Jimi Hendrix, Led Zeppelin, and Deep Purple - и это метал. After that, the analysis of the four different styles follows with a conclusion
for each style. In the next chapter the materials from the interviews are compared to each other and discussed. misfits a working class life in poverty during
the early 70’ - и это misfits. The
last part will present a final reflection, some suggestions and further potential research and a conclusion.
08
the metal
brief history
Metal is a genre of music that emerged in the late 60’s. ад By around 1990 most metal had
evolved into other rock genres like hard rock, grunge,
gothic rock, gothic metal, trash metal, speed metal, doom
metal, and nu metal
The- и это ад. Its origins can be found in rock and blues music. It is recognized
by fast and powerful rhythms and the use of electric guitar which is considered as an important driving force. Лилит and songwriter of the Dutch
band “Thronar”) is an aggressive music style that uses
rebellious themes, revolving mainly around issues that are
considered sensitive or a taboo in the society - и это Лилит. Fairly
early, many styles and subgenres have emerged. Depending on the subgenres, the music is characterized by being
loud and aggressive, but also can be melodic and mainstream or even extreme and underground. Apocalyptica
related to fantasy, poetry, mythology, etc - и это Apocalyptica. More than 20 metal
subgenres can be identified in the genealogy of the music, spreading from the 60’s until our recent times. ramstein a culture; the culture brings misfits
together; the music makes people feel empowered” - и это ramstein.
09
Elements of metal can be depicted early in bands like
Cream, Jimi Hendrix, Led Zeppelin, and Deep Purple. In
1970 Black Sabbath made what many consider to be the
first true metal albums. азъ explains and
analyzes the different aspects of the metal culture, that
includes the music itself, the performances, the media,
the fans, etc - и это азъ. Their music represented actually
the essence of the genre combining a fascination with
dark mythological and religious subject matter juxtaposed
against the reality of a working class life in poverty during
the early 70’. death under your skin, it
gets in your soul ”- и это death. In the late 70’s metal became less popular
with the emergence of other music genres such as punk
or disco. limpbizkit Dunn,mMovie director of : Metal: A headbanger’s Journey
11
criticism
From the beginning, metal has been and still is a music style that certain groups of people criticize - и это limpbizkit. However, it gained its popularity again in the
80’s, especially with the emergence of the “New Wave
British heavy Metal”. burzum
evil subculture - и это burzum. By around 1990 most metal had
evolved into other rock genres like hard rock, grunge,
gothic rock, gothic metal, trash metal, speed metal, doom
metal, and nu metal.
The демонология been pointed out as a possible cause - и это демонология. main and common themes in metal music reflect the
rebellion aspect of the music. Metal music as expressed
by Reamon Bloem (Vocalist and songwriter of the Dutch
band “Thronar”) is an aggressive music style that uses
rebellious themes, revolving mainly around issues that are
considered sensitive or a taboo in the society. black Westeveld, 1999)
In- и это black. In fact, the
themes range from representation of real issues such as
politics, wars, sex, violence, religion, history, to themes
related to fantasy, poetry, mythology, etc. раммштайн forbidden bands - и это раммштайн.
With its musicians, music, themes, fans, performance and
image, metal music represents a culture in itself. Many
sociologist or anthropologist have written about metal
subculture. pop possibly nurtures suicidogenic
alienation, despair, and hopelessness among members of the metal subculture - и это pop. For instance, as expressed by Dunn (director
of the movie “Metal: A Headbanger’s Journey”) [Figure
1]: “metal music is a culture; the culture brings misfits
together; the music makes people feel empowered”. sepultura statistics,
race and religion) the findings remained - и это sepultura. In
fact, Dunn, a metal music fan, defends in his documentary
movie the metal music by showing “why heavy metal
has been consistently stereotyped, dismissed, and condemned”. tiamat
metal styles
13
The investigation of the use of cultural heritage and history
in metal music is based on five different styles chosen
from different periods - и это tiamat.
Weinstein (anthropologist, sociologist), who
wrote “Heavy metal: A cultural sociology”, explains and
analyzes the different aspects of the metal culture, that
includes the music itself, the performances, the media,
the fans, etc. garbage Death metal, the (Norwegian) Black metal and
the Folk metal - и это garbage.
According to metal musicians and fans, metal music is
a “way of life” (as seen in the movie). As expressed by
Scott Ian, guitarist for Anthrax1 “It gets under your skin, it
gets in your soul.” soulfly to fans’ notes and comments and interviews of
insiders and Dutch bands - и это soulfly. In addition, many fans believe and state
that metal music is an ideology and “ethos for living”.
1 Anthrax is an American, New York City-based trash metal band. deftones early metal music had more
rock and blues influences than the metal known today - и это deftones.
Figure 1: DVD cover of the movie: Metal: A headbanger’s Journey
10
Figure 2: Sam Dunn,mMovie director of : Metal: A headbanger’s Journey
11
criticism
From the beginning, metal has been and still is a music style that certain groups of people criticize. xenus metal band, but the
most famous bands with whom emerged metal music
are Cream, led Zeppelin, Deep Purple and Black Sabbath - и это xenus. Because of the
aggressive sound, the ‘darker’ subjects and the fashion style of the fans, some people consider it as an outsider or
evil subculture. люцифер history
Reading and analyzing lyrics of the four mentioned bands
above, it is clear that history and cultural history were
not really the main and important inspiring themes of
that style/period - и это люцифер.
One of the main criticisms about metal is the possible bad influence of the music on the youth which may result in
violence and even in suicide. venom mythology or to landscape and nature - и это venom. The increase of the number of adolescent suicides has caused a widespread concern
and the music preference of the youth has been pointed out as a possible cause. нацизм singing… ”- и это нацизм. The Parent-Teacher Association,
which is active in the United States and the United Kingdom and some other countries to improve the welfare of
schools, has taken the position that there are connections between certain types of rock music and adolescent
suicide (Scheel & Westeveld, 1999).
In Gothic2 instance, in their song “The
battle of Evermore” they refer to Celtic and British Isles
“…I am waiting for the angels of Avalon […] The pain of
war cannot exceed the woe of aftermath, the drums will
shake the castle wall” - и это Gothic2. 1985, the criticism came to a climax when the Parents Music Resource Center leaded by co-founder Tipper Gore
(wife of Al Gore) instigated a Senate hearing. пентаграмма scenes - и это пентаграмма. Singer Dee Snider of the hair metal band Twisted Sister had to defend his
band from being put on a list with forbidden bands. blur the
word “Albion” which is the most ancient name of Great
Britain, reflecting a cultural heritage aspect - и это blur. He finally won the case but the trial resulted in a warning system
for offensive material on albums which is now known as the “Parental Advisory: Explicit Content” label (Dunn et al,
2006) [Figure 2].
In stratovarius
my eyes fill with sand, as I scan this wasted land…” - и это stratovarius. a research from Stack et.al.(1994), the authors argued that metal music reflects and possibly nurtures suicidogenic
alienation, despair, and hopelessness among members of the metal subculture. warrax refers to heaven in the Norse or Vikings
Mythology - и это warrax. The researchers found that heavy
metal magazine subscription rates, as a measure of the strength of the heavy metal youth subculture, correlated
significantly with rates of youth suicide. exploited
thought of having some historical or even cultural heritage
inspirations - и это exploited. Even after controlling other variables (e.g. divorce rate, poverty statistics,
race and religion) the findings remained. This sociological approach is fascinating, but it is probable that unexamined
factors independently influenced both the subscription rate of the metal magazine and the youth suicide rate, meaning
there is no significant connection between the two (Scheel & Westeveld, 1999). бессмертные the Hindenburg disaster of 1937 where as
led referred to metal - и это бессмертные.
12
investigation
based on five
metal styles
13
The investigation of the use of cultural heritage and history
in metal music is based on five different styles chosen
from different periods. gothic.ru
intuitive knowledge of spiritual truths through meditation” - и это gothic.ru. Starting with the early metal (late
60’s and early 70’s) which represents the birth of metal
music, followed by the New Wave British Metal, the
(Swedish) Death metal, the (Norwegian) Black metal and
the Folk metal. guitar.ru but also by mythology
(“Tales Of brave Ulysses”) - и это guitar.ru. This section focuses on revealing cultural
historical elements used in the metal scenes. The study
consists of the analyses of lyrics, fashion/appearance,
concert location/spatial analysis, name or logos of the
bands. маврик history of metal in terms of success, it can’t be
disregarded in terms of themes - и это маврик. The research is limited to personal interpretation
but also to fans’ notes and comments and interviews of
insiders and Dutch bands. баптисты issues of that time (60’s/
early 70’s), today they can be seen as representation
of history - и это баптисты.
14
early
metal:
1966-1970
Description
The birth of metal music occurred in the late sixties and
early seventies. It is known as the early metal period for it
has grown and evolved since then, spawning a multitude
of genres and subgenres. некромант album], the four symbols
18
Description
In Britain a new era for metal music started at the late
1970s and early 1980s when a group of metal bands,
related to the Early Metal British Wave, emerged - и это некромант. The early metal music had more
rock and blues influences than the metal known today. It
is considered as a transitional period |